In a mixing bowl, combine the flour, sugar, baking powder, lemon zest (if using), and a pinch of salt.

Crack in the egg and mix well until the dough starts to come together.

Knead the dough until it becomes smooth and elastic. If the dough is too sticky, you can add a little more flour.

In a separate bowl, mix the fresh cheese, semolina (if using), and sugar until well combined. This will be the filling for the papanasi.

Take a small portion of the dough and shape it into a ball. Make a small indentation in the center of the ball and fill it with a spoonful of the cheese mixture. Seal the dough around the filling, shaping it into a round papanasi. Repeat this process until all the dough and filling are used.

Heat vegetable oil in a deep pan or pot over medium heat. Fry the papanasi until they become golden brown on all sides, turning them occasionally to ensure even cooking. This process should take about 5-7 minutes.

Once cooked, transfer the papanasi to a paper towel-lined plate to remove any excess oil.

Serve the papanasi warm, topped with a dollop of sour cream and a spoonful of your favorite jam. You can also sprinkle them with powdered sugar if desired.

Enjoy your homemade papanasi!